Potential of IRMS technology for tracing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Potential of IRMS technology for tracing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL).
Popularity of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is fairly stable among drug users, while the consumption of its chemical precursor, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), is a growing phenomenon. Although conventional analytical methods allow to detect this substance in various matrices, linking a trace and a source is still a difficult challenge. However, as several synthesis pathways and chemical precursor...
متن کاملThe reactivity of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in alcoholic solutions.
In this work the stability of GBL (gamma-butyrolactone) and GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) in alcoholic media was studied. Under acidic conditions the GBL will react with ethanol or methanol to give the corresponding ethyl and methyl esters of GHB. It can be seen that ester formation is dependent on the type of alcohol, the alcohol content of the solution, and the pH of the solution. Under the...
متن کاملTreatment of a young adult taking gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in a primary care clinic.
Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) has become the new drug of choice for young adults to abuse. The effects it induces include euphoria, disinhibition, depressed levels of consciousness, and eventual respiratory depression. GBL is metabolized into gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is also a recreational drug and is now a schedule I drug in some states. Both GBL and GHB are used in social settings simil...
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Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its liquid precursor gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) have become increasingly popular beyond the clubbing culture resulting in daily consumption and dependence in the broader population. This case report illustrates the challenges of managing GHB-withdrawal and a possibly superior future approach of its management by titration and tapering of the addictive agent.
متن کاملTitle : Gamma hydroxybutyrate ( GHB ) , gamma butyrolactone ( GBL ) and 1 , 4 butanediol ( 1 , 4 - BD ; BDO ) : A literature review
Misuse of gamma hydroxybutrate (GHB) and gamma butyrolactone (GBL) has increased greatly since the early 1990s, being implicated in a rising number of deaths. This paper reviews knowledge on GHB and derivatives, and explores the largest series of deaths associated with their non-medical use. Descriptive analyses of cases associated with GHB/GBL and 1,4 butanediol (1,4-BD) use extracted from the...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Forensic Science International
سال: 2010
ISSN: 0379-0738
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.014